根據(jù)一項(xiàng)對(duì)急性惡化的哮喘患者的最新研究，澳大利亞研究人員已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種新途徑來(lái)鑒別由病毒誘導(dǎo)的哮喘與過(guò)敏原導(dǎo)致的哮喘。

在這項(xiàng)研究中，59例急性哮喘的痰細(xì)胞學(xué)特征與45例對(duì)照進(jìn)行了分析對(duì)比。對(duì)照組包括14例穩(wěn)定型哮喘且沒(méi)有病毒感染，15例沒(méi)有哮喘但是有病毒感染的患者，16例健康受試者。為了查明感染狀態(tài)和肺部疾病歷史，受試者進(jìn)行了普通感冒和哮喘問(wèn)卷調(diào)查、微生物學(xué)檢測(cè)、肺功能與過(guò)敏原檢測(cè)。

在46例受試者或者78％例急性哮喘患者中檢測(cè)出了呼吸道病毒。在兒童與成人患者中，哮喘惡化一般由呼吸道病毒感染所導(dǎo)致的，83％的病例感染鼻病毒。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，白介素10主要抑制免疫應(yīng)答，與對(duì)照組相比較，病毒性感染的急性哮喘中白介素10病毒顯著升高。因此，氣道細(xì)胞表達(dá)的白介素10成為成為病毒感染特征。與那些由于過(guò)敏原導(dǎo)致的哮喘相比較，病毒誘導(dǎo)的哮喘發(fā)病機(jī)制并不相同。

這項(xiàng)研究是由澳大利亞John Hunter醫(yī)院的研究人員進(jìn)行的，發(fā)表在2005年8月15日期的《美國(guó)呼吸道與重癥監(jiān)護(hù)醫(yī)學(xué)》之上。

Detecting Virus-Induced Asthma
 
Australian researchers have discovered a new way to distinguish virus-induced asthma from that caused by allergens, according to a new study of asthma patients who were experiencing acute exacerbation.

In the study, the sputum cellular profiles of 59 acute asthmatics were compared with those of 45 controls. The controls group included 14 patients with stable asthma and no viral infection, 15 subjects without asthma but with a viral infection, and 16 healthy subjects. To establish infection status and pulmonary history, participants completed common cold and asthma questionnaires, microbiologic tests, and lung function and allergy tests.

A respiratory virus was detected in 46 subjects, or 78%, of those with acute asthma. In both children and adults, the asthma exacerbations were caused by viral respiratory infections, with 83% of cases infected with rhinovirus. The researchers found that expression of interleuken 10 (IL-10), which functions to suppress immune responses, was significantly increased in acute asthma patients with viral infections, when compared to control groups. Consequently, IL-10 expression from airway cells appears to be a feature of virus-induced acute asthma. Different mechanisms were found to be at work in virus-induced asthma patients, compared to those described in allergen-induced asthma.

The study, conducted by researchers at the John Hunter Hospital in New Lambton (Australia), appeared in the August 15, 2005, issue of the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.